{"id":24950,"date":"2023-11-07T09:34:36","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T12:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sharkfreeapp.com\/?p=24950"},"modified":"2024-10-10T02:57:23","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T02:57:23","slug":"como-a-internet-foi-criada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sharkfreeapp.com\/bs\/como-a-internet-foi-criada\/","title":{"rendered":"Kako je nastao internet? Pratite historiju ove revolucije"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prema istra\u017eivanju IDC-a, otprilike 41,76 milijardi ure\u0111aja \u0161irom svijeta bilo je povezano na internet. Da biste stekli predstavu o tome koliko je ovo impresivno, globalna populacija broji otprilike 8 milijardi ljudi; postoji pet puta vi\u0161e povezanih ure\u0111aja nego pojedinaca!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nije ni \u010dudo \u0161to je internet jedan od najve\u0107ih izuma \u010dovje\u010danstva: dramati\u010dno je promijenio na\u010din na koji komuniciramo, radimo i \u017eivimo svoje \u017eivote iz dana u dan. Sa pametnim telefonom u ruci imate pristup gotovo svim ljudskim znanjima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uprkos tome \u0161to ga koristite ve\u0107 dugo vremena, jeste li ikada zastali da razmislite o njegovom porijeklu? Kada je internet ro\u0111en? Ko ga je razvijao dok nije postao ono \u0161to je danas? Na ova i mnoga druga pitanja odgovorit \u0107e ovaj tekst. Ne propustite!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Porijeklo interneta (1960 \u2013 1980)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Krajem 1960-ih, kada su ra\u010dunari jo\u0161 uvijek bili ogromni, izuzetno te\u0161ki i spori ure\u0111aji, neki istra\u017eiva\u010di su ve\u0107 prou\u010davali mogu\u0107nost prenosa podataka izme\u0111u razli\u010ditih ma\u0161ina na velike udaljenosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vojni i akademski ra\u010dunari ve\u0107 su eksperimentisali s mre\u017eama kako bi razmjenjivali informacije i stvarali agilniju saradnju na projektima. Ministarstvo odbrane Sjedinjenih Ameri\u010dkih Dr\u017eava (DoD) pokrenulo je ARPANET - mre\u017eu me\u0111usobno povezanih ra\u010dunara koja ih je povezala s \u010detiri druga sjevernoameri\u010dka univerziteta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U to vrijeme, kori\u0161ten je TCP\/IP protokol, koji i danas postoji. To je skup protokola koji omogu\u0107ava komunikaciju izme\u0111u vi\u0161e ure\u0111aja povezanih na istu mre\u017eu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ARPANET je bio ogroman uspjeh i, tokom godina, pro\u0161irio je svoj doseg na druge obrazovne institucije. Godine 1971. Leonard Kleinrock poslao je prvi e-mail u historiji, adresiran na Douglasa Engelbarta iz Istra\u017eiva\u010dkog instituta Stanford. Na\u017ealost, poruka "Login" nije poslana u cijelosti zbog gre\u0161ke: Engelbartu je poslana samo "Lo".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ranije je bila mogu\u0107a samo direktna razmjena poruka izme\u0111u ure\u0111aja; slanje e-po\u0161te u\u010dinilo bi komunikaciju izme\u0111u strana sve robusnijom i efikasnijom. Va\u017eno je istaknuti ovo zna\u010dajno dostignu\u0107e, jer je ono i danas dio korisni\u010dkih navika \u0161irom svijeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tim Berners-Lee, jedan od "otaca interneta", objavio je prvu fotografiju na internetu. Bila je to posveta satiri\u010dnom bendu poznatom kao Les Horrible Cernettes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Razvoj (1980 \u2013 1990)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Osamdesetih godina pro\u0161log stolje\u0107a, internet se po\u010deo razvijati u komercijalne svrhe. Od tada vi\u0161e nije bio ne\u0161to \u0161to je bilo isklju\u010divo dostupno vladi ili obrazovnim institucijama. Zahvaljuju\u0107i ovoj fazi, preduze\u0107a svih vrsta su mogla pro\u0161iriti svoj utjecaj putem mre\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Godine 1983. Ministarstvo odbrane SAD-a ugasilo je ARPANET-ov NCP protokol, zamijeniv\u0161i ga TCP\/IP-om. To je omogu\u0107ilo mre\u017ei da se pove\u017ee s drugima \u0161irom svijeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zahvaljuju\u0107i ovim va\u017enim promjenama stvoreni su drugi mre\u017eni protokoli, kao \u0161to je FTP (File Transfer Protocol). Omogu\u0107io je dijeljenje datoteka razli\u010ditih veli\u010dina izme\u0111u razli\u010ditih ure\u0111aja povezanih na internet. Iako se i danas koristi, FTP protokol je donekle zastario; njegova evolucija, poznata kao SFTP, bolje je prilago\u0111ena tom zadatku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nadalje, Telnet je stvoren 1980-ih: putem njega je postalo mogu\u0107e daljinsko povezivanje s drugim ra\u010dunarima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010ditajte i: 4 najbolje aplikacije i web stranice za generiranje lozinki \u2013 SharkFreeApp<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Popularizacija interneta (1990 \u2013 2000)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ovo je tre\u0107a faza World Wide Weba, i jedna od najva\u017enijih: pru\u017eatelji internetskih usluga po\u010deli su nuditi uslugu \u0161iroj javnosti. Ve\u0107ina veza ostvarena je putem modema direktno povezanog na telefonsku liniju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Korisnici ro\u0111eni 1980-ih sigurno se sje\u0107aju prepoznatljivog (i nezaboravnog) zvuka modema koji se povezuju na mre\u017eu. \u010cesto je bio zaglu\u0161uju\u0107i i mogao je uznemiriti osobe s laganim snom u blizini. Ali to je bio najbolji zvuk koji je postojao u to vrijeme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preglednik Mosaic objavljen je 1993. godine i mnogim ljudima je pomogao da efikasnije i udobnije pretra\u017euju internet. Ubrzo su uslijedili i drugi preglednici, poput Internet Explorera i Netscapea. Od tada se konkurencija me\u0111u velikim kompanijama samo pove\u0107ala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kao \u0161to se i o\u010dekivalo, po\u010delo se pojavljivati nekoliko online kompanija: eBay, Amazon i Yahoo su samo neki od primjera pravih internet "dinosaurusa", budu\u0107i da napreduju i postoje do danas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Internet kakav poznajemo (2000\u2013danas)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0160irokopojasne veze su se po\u010dele pojavljivati krajem 1990-ih, ali jo\u0161 nisu bile \u0161iroko rasprostranjene. Me\u0111utim, tek su 2000-ih kablovske i opti\u010dke veze po\u010dele dobivati na popularnosti, postaju\u0107i standard u gotovo svakom scenariju.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zahvaljuju\u0107i sve br\u017eim i pouzdanijim vezama, kompanije su razvile druga digitalna rje\u0161enja, poput evolucije dru\u0161tvenih mre\u017ea. Da, evolucije, a ne stvaranja, jer je prvu dru\u0161tvenu mre\u017eu pokrenuo Randy Conrad 1995. godine: Classmates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pored toga, platforme za bloganje i streaming po\u010dele su se masovno pojavljivati, svaka sa svojim jedinstvenim karakteristikama. Dana 14. februara 2005. godine, YouTube su registrovali Steve Chen, Chad Hurley i Jawed Karim. Danas platforma ima milijarde dnevnih pregleda, a stotine miliona sadr\u017eaja dostupno je korisnicima \u0161irom svijeta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Facebook je pokrenut 2004. godine i nakon gotovo 20 godina postojanja ostaje jedna od najve\u0107ih dru\u0161tvenih mre\u017ea na svijetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nemogu\u0107e je govoriti o evoluciji interneta, a da se ne spomene era mobilnih ure\u0111aja: uprkos tome \u0161to nije bio pionir u toj oblasti, Apple je stvorio prvi iPhone 2007. godine. Zahvaljuju\u0107i ogromnom komercijalnom uspjehu ure\u0111aja, nekoliko drugih brendova se uklju\u010dilo u borbu za tr\u017ei\u0161ni udio, a od tada su pametni telefoni uobi\u010dajeni kao i disanje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Evolucija nikad ne prestaje<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u010cak su i najosnovniji pametni telefoni daleko mo\u0107niji od skupih, sofisticiranih ure\u0111aja iz 1990-ih i 2000-ih. To je zato \u0161to je popularizacija interneta poprimila jednostavno impresivan oblik. Uostalom, na Zemlji ima vi\u0161e pametnih telefona nego ljudi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sve br\u017ei, sigurniji i pouzdaniji, internet i sve njegove usluge se neprestano razvijaju, a vi ste va\u017ean dio ove pri\u010de. Razlog je jednostavan: sve je jo\u0161 uvijek vrlo novo, a World Wide Web je daleko od toga da je pokazao svoj puni potencijal.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De acordo com estudo realizado pela IDC, cerca de 41,76 bilh\u00f5es de dispositivos estavam conectados \u00e0 internet em todo o […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":24958,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nComo a internet foi criada? 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