{"id":24950,"date":"2023-11-07T09:34:36","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T12:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sharkfreeapp.com\/?p=24950"},"modified":"2024-10-10T02:57:23","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T02:57:23","slug":"como-a-internet-foi-criada","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sharkfreeapp.com\/pl\/como-a-internet-foi-criada\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak powsta\u0142 internet? \u015aled\u017a histori\u0119 tej rewolucji"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wed\u0142ug badania przeprowadzonego przez IDC, na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie do Internetu pod\u0142\u0105czonych by\u0142o oko\u0142o 41,76 miliarda urz\u0105dze\u0144. Aby da\u0107 ci wyobra\u017cenie o tym, jakie to imponuj\u0105ce, populacja \u015bwiata wynosi oko\u0142o 8 miliard\u00f3w ludzi; jest pi\u0119\u0107 razy wi\u0119cej po\u0142\u0105czonych gad\u017cet\u00f3w ni\u017c pojedynczych os\u00f3b!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nie jest szale\u0144stwem stwierdzenie, \u017ce Internet jest jednym z najwi\u0119kszych wynalazk\u00f3w ludzko\u015bci: dzi\u0119ki niemu spos\u00f3b, w jaki si\u0119 komunikujemy, pracujemy i \u017cyjemy, z dnia na dzie\u0144 drastycznie si\u0119 zmieni\u0142. Maj\u0105c smartfon w r\u0119ku, masz dost\u0119p do praktycznie ca\u0142ej wiedzy, jak\u0105 zdobywa cz\u0142owiek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Czy mimo d\u0142ugiego u\u017cywania go zastanawia\u0142e\u015b si\u0119 kiedy\u015b nad jego pochodzeniem? Kiedy narodzi\u0142 si\u0119 Internet? Kto go opracowa\u0142, a\u017c sta\u0142 si\u0119 tym, czym jest dzisiaj? Na te i wiele innych pyta\u0144 znajdziesz odpowied\u017a w ca\u0142ym tek\u015bcie. Nie przegap tego!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pocz\u0105tki Internetu (1960 \u2013 1980)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pod koniec lat 60. XX wieku, kiedy komputery by\u0142y jeszcze urz\u0105dzeniami ogromnymi, niezwykle ci\u0119\u017ckimi i wolnymi, niekt\u00f3rzy badacze ju\u017c badali mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 transportu danych pomi\u0119dzy r\u00f3\u017cnymi maszynami na du\u017ce odleg\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Komputery wojskowe i akademickie ju\u017c eksperymentowa\u0142y z sieciami w celu wymiany informacji i tworzenia bardziej elastycznej wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy nad projektami. Departament Obrony Stan\u00f3w Zjednoczonych (DoD) uruchomi\u0142 ARPANET \u2013 sie\u0107 wzajemnie po\u0142\u0105czonych komputer\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ra po\u0142\u0105czy\u0142a je z czterema innymi uniwersytetami w Ameryce P\u00f3\u0142nocnej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stosowano w\u00f3wczas protok\u00f3\u0142 TCP\/IP, kt\u00f3ry istnieje do dzi\u015b. Jest to zestaw protoko\u0142\u00f3w umo\u017cliwiaj\u0105cy komunikacj\u0119 pomi\u0119dzy kilkoma urz\u0105dzeniami pod\u0142\u0105czonymi do tej samej sieci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ARPANET odni\u00f3s\u0142 du\u017cy sukces i z biegiem lat rozszerzy\u0142 sw\u00f3j zasi\u0119g na inne instytucje edukacyjne. W 1971 roku Leonard Kleinrock wys\u0142a\u0142 pierwszy w historii e-mail zaadresowany do Douglasa Engelbarta z Instytutu Badawczego Stanforda. Niestety wiadomo\u015b\u0107 \u201eLogowanie\u201d nie zosta\u0142a wys\u0142ana w ca\u0142o\u015bci z powodu b\u0142\u0119du: do Engelbarta wys\u0142ano jedynie \u201eLo\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wcze\u015bniej mo\u017cliwa by\u0142a tylko bezpo\u015brednia komunikacja mi\u0119dzy urz\u0105dzeniami; wysy\u0142anie wiadomo\u015bci e-mail sprawi\u0142oby, \u017ce komunikacja mi\u0119dzy stronami sta\u0142aby si\u0119 solidniejsza i skuteczniejsza. Nale\u017cy podkre\u015bli\u0107 to wielkie osi\u0105gni\u0119cie, poniewa\u017c nadal stanowi ono cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 zwyczaj\u00f3w u\u017cytkowania na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tim Berners-Lee, jeden z \u201eojc\u00f3w internetu\u201d, zamie\u015bci\u0142 pierwsze zdj\u0119cie w sieci. By\u0142o to na cze\u015b\u0107 satyrycznego zespo\u0142u znanego jako Les Horrible Cernettes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Rozw\u00f3j (1980 \u2013 1990)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

W latach 80-tych rozpocz\u0105\u0142 si\u0119 rozw\u00f3j Internetu do cel\u00f3w komercyjnych. Odt\u0105d nie by\u0142o to ju\u017c zaj\u0119cie przeznaczone wy\u0142\u0105cznie dla instytucji rz\u0105dowych i edukacyjnych. Dzi\u0119ki tej fazie firmy wszelkiego typu mog\u0142y rozszerzy\u0107 swoje wp\u0142ywy za po\u015brednictwem sieci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W 1983 roku Departament Obrony od\u0142\u0105czy\u0142 protok\u00f3\u0142 NCP od ARPANET, zast\u0119puj\u0105c go protoko\u0142em TCP\/IP. W ten spos\u00f3b sie\u0107 mog\u0142aby \u0142\u0105czy\u0107 si\u0119 z innymi na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To w\u0142a\u015bnie dzi\u0119ki tym wa\u017cnym zmianom powsta\u0142y inne protoko\u0142y sieciowe, takie jak FTP (File Transfer Protocol). Dzi\u0119ki niemu mo\u017cliwe by\u0142o udost\u0119pnianie plik\u00f3w o najr\u00f3\u017cniejszych rozmiarach pomi\u0119dzy r\u00f3\u017cnymi urz\u0105dzeniami pod\u0142\u0105czonymi do Internetu. Mimo \u017ce protok\u00f3\u0142 FTP jest nadal u\u017cywany, jest nieco przestarza\u0142y; jego ewolucja, znana jako SFTP, jest lepiej dostosowana do tego zadania.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co wi\u0119cej, w latach 80. XX wieku powsta\u0142 Telnet, dzi\u0119ki kt\u00f3remu mo\u017cliwe sta\u0142o si\u0119 zdalne po\u0142\u0105czenie z innymi komputerami.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Przeczytaj tak\u017ce: 4 najlepsze aplikacje i strony internetowe do generowania hase\u0142 \u2013 SharkFreeApp<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Popularyzacja Internetu (1990 \u2013 2000)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

To trzeci etap rozwoju sieci WWW i jeden z najwa\u017cniejszych: dostawcy dost\u0119pu zacz\u0119li oferowa\u0107 t\u0119 us\u0142ug\u0119 og\u00f3\u0142owi spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwa. Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 po\u0142\u0105cze\u0144 realizowana by\u0142a poprzez modem pod\u0142\u0105czony bezpo\u015brednio do linii telefonicznej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u017cytkownicy urodzeni w latach 80. z pewno\u015bci\u0105 pami\u0119taj\u0105 charakterystyczny (i niezapomniany) d\u017awi\u0119k modem\u00f3w podczas \u0142\u0105czenia si\u0119 z sieci\u0105. By\u0142 to cz\u0119sto og\u0142uszaj\u0105cy ha\u0142as, kt\u00f3ry m\u00f3g\u0142 zak\u0142\u00f3ci\u0107 spok\u00f3j \u015bpi\u0105cych w pobli\u017cu os\u00f3b. Ale to by\u0142o najlepsze, co by\u0142o w tamtym czasie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Przegl\u0105darka Mosaic zosta\u0142a wydana w 1993 roku i pomog\u0142a wielu osobom efektywniej i wygodniej przegl\u0105da\u0107 Internet. Wkr\u00f3tce potem pojawi\u0142y si\u0119 inne przegl\u0105darki, takie jak Internet Explorer i Netscape. Od tego czasu konkurencja wzros\u0142a jedynie w\u015br\u00f3d du\u017cych firm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zgodnie z oczekiwaniami zacz\u0119\u0142o pojawia\u0107 si\u0119 kilka firm internetowych: eBay, Amazon i Yahoo to tylko kilka przyk\u0142ad\u00f3w prawdziwych \u201edinozaur\u00f3w\u201d w Internecie, kt\u00f3re prosperuj\u0105 i istniej\u0105 do dzi\u015b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Internet, jaki znamy (2000 \u2013 obecnie)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pod koniec lat 90. zacz\u0119\u0142y pojawia\u0107 si\u0119 \u0142\u0105cza szerokopasmowe, ale nie by\u0142y one jeszcze tak powszechne. Jednak dopiero od 2000 roku po\u0142\u0105czenia kablowe i \u015bwiat\u0142owodowe zacz\u0119\u0142y zyskiwa\u0107 na popularno\u015bci, staj\u0105c si\u0119 standardem praktycznie we wszystkich scenariuszach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dzi\u0119ki coraz szybszym i bardziej niezawodnym po\u0142\u0105czeniom firmy opracowa\u0142y inne rozwi\u0105zania cyfrowe, takie jak ewolucja sieci spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych. Tak, ewolucja, a nie stworzenie, poniewa\u017c pierwsz\u0105 sie\u0107 spo\u0142eczno\u015bciow\u0105 uruchomi\u0142 w 1995 roku Randy Conrad: Classmates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Co wi\u0119cej, platformy do blogowania i przesy\u0142ania strumieniowego zacz\u0119\u0142y pojawia\u0107 si\u0119 masowo, a ka\u017cda z nich mia\u0142a okre\u015blon\u0105 charakterystyk\u0119. 14 lutego 2005 roku Steve Chen, Chad Hurley i Jawed Karim zarejestrowali YouTube. Obecnie platforma rejestruje miliardy ods\u0142on dziennie, a u\u017cytkownicy na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie udost\u0119pniaj\u0105 setki milion\u00f3w tre\u015bci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W 2004 roku wystartowa\u0142 Facebook, kt\u00f3ry po prawie 20 latach istnienia nadal pozostaje jedn\u0105 z najwi\u0119kszych sieci spo\u0142eczno\u015bciowych na \u015bwiecie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nie spos\u00f3b m\u00f3wi\u0107 o ewolucji Internetu, nie wspominaj\u0105c o epoce urz\u0105dze\u0144 mobilnych: Apple, cho\u0107 nie jest pionierem w tej dziedzinie, stworzy\u0142o pierwszego iPhone'a w 2007 roku. Dzi\u0119ki ogromnemu sukcesowi komercyjnemu urz\u0105dzenia, na rynek wesz\u0142o kilka innych marek wy\u015bcig o udzia\u0142 w rynku i od tego czasu smartfony s\u0105 tak powszechne jak oddychanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ewolucja nigdy si\u0119 nie ko\u0144czy<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nawet najbardziej podstawowe smartfony maj\u0105 znacznie wi\u0119ksz\u0105 moc ni\u017c bardzo drogie i wyrafinowane maszyny z lat 90. i 2000. Dzieje si\u0119 tak dlatego, \u017ce popularyzacja Internetu przybra\u0142a po prostu imponuj\u0105c\u0105 form\u0119. W ko\u0144cu na Ziemi jest wi\u0119cej smartfon\u00f3w ni\u017c ludzkich mieszka\u0144c\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coraz szybszy, bezpieczniejszy i bardziej niezawodny Internet i wszystkie jego us\u0142ugi stale si\u0119 rozwijaj\u0105, a Ty jeste\u015b wa\u017cn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 tej ca\u0142ej historii. Pow\u00f3d jest prosty: wszystko jest wci\u0105\u017c bardzo \u201enowe\u201d, a sie\u0107 WWW nadal nie pokaza\u0142a swojego pe\u0142nego potencja\u0142u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

De acordo com estudo realizado pela IDC, cerca de 41,76 bilh\u00f5es de dispositivos estavam conectados \u00e0 internet em todo o […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":93,"featured_media":24958,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nComo a internet foi criada? 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